on December 2002008 engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for 002008 engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for has been engaged in antique collection for , has been engaged in antique collection for has been engaged in antique collection for 2002008 engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for 002008 engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for 2008 engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for engaged in calligraphy and painting collection, appraisal and auction work for uses hand-carved mother money to call mother carving, also known as "Zuqian". Use copper or tin or lead blocks to carve directly into money molds. When casting money, use ancestral money as molds and turn over and cast mother money. The mother's money is then issued to all localities, and all localities use the mother's money to make model coins. After the Six Dynasties, the money was no longer cast with large-scale whole copper and stone money, but instead with the mother's money, which was originally carefully carved with copper, tin, teeth, wood and other materials, that is, the carving of the "carving mother" 。

ancestral money needs to be very sophisticated. At present, the carving mother is golden copper, which is copper of excellent quality. The bronze carving mother's Qian Wen is very exquisite, with deep and steep words. The carving mother's money shows no signs of knife marks. It is slightly larger and heavier 。

than the money in circulation in the same edition. The carving mother's production is also very sophisticated, and the quality is made of fine copper. In the book "Imperial Literature Examination Coin Examination", it is written that all provinces in China must cast money "by the household bureau to cast ancestral money, mother money and money each article, issued to the provinces, so as to cast it". Bao Kang's "Big Money Catalog" recorded in the book, the carving mother "its perforation non-money bureau people can't chisel". The carved mother's Qian Wen is very exquisite, carved by hand, with thin, thin and tall characters. The words are deep and sharp. The strokes are strong and powerful. The ground is bright and clean, and there is no trace of casting all over the body. Most of the perforations are carved and then filed. The carving mother plays the role of money in the process of casting money, and is used in the impression when turning the casting mother money. Carving mother money is bigger and heavier than the money in circulation in the same edition. The amount of money in the world is very rare。

. Carving mother money is made into a money mold and taken away. Craftsmen cast it on the money mold with melted copper liquid. After the coinage is cooled, the mold is opened, and the coinage is taken out, polished and cleaned. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of metallurgical technology and mining technology led to the development of the coinage industry. Brass coinage began to prevail during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Early identification of the copper content of the coin, the coin will be thrown on the ground, listen to the sound of its color, high-quality copper coins, thrown on the ground there is a sound of gold. In addition to brass, there is also white copper money, which is due to the large proportion of tin in copper-tin alloy. There is also a kind of white copper money, which is nickel-copper alloy。

　. The mother money is larger than the mother money and the circulating money, and the mother money is slightly larger than the circulating money, and the copper is also better. Just because the mother's money is made of sanding by the mother of carving, the outer outline and wording of the money are not as deep as that of the mother of carving, and are inferior to the mother of carving in all aspects. Some 。

　lovers of ancient coins should distinguish the iron mother from the iron copper. The iron mother's money is the mother's money made of sand for casting iron money, and then the mother's money is made into circulating money. It is actually different from copper coins. The iron copper coin, before a large number of cast iron money, the first molten copper liquid injection, in order to check the effect of the money mold, so these copper coins called test castings, it is the same as the iron money shape of copper coins, this kind of money spread very little. A small part of the iron copper, is money supervision copper iron two cast, because the price of copper money is higher than iron money, money supervision in the cast iron money at the same time, but also cast a small amount of copper money to increase the income 。

　of money supervision, whether it is to make coins or model casting, is a handicraft mode of production, resulting in the quality of coins mixed and high casting costs. Chinese copper coins in the past dynasties, in the form of the wrong style and flow of copper and other phenomena, so that the coins are not neat and beautiful, in the weight and color is also uneven. Even the money cast by the same furnace is not necessarily the same in weight, and it is even more difficult to distinguish in color. A revolution in the history of Chinese coinage was the use of machine coinage during the Qing Dynasty, and the new copper coinage was neat and exquisite, which was very popular with the people, and the government also obtained the money of the Dali 。

Carving Mother 

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